Q & A In The Fundamentals Of Electrical Power Systems

Question, Answer: Substation, Current, Voltage Transformer, Capacitors, PF, Cable, Transmission, Earthing, Protection

What you'll learn

Question & Answer in the Fundamentals of Electricity

Question & Answer in the Fundamentals of Power and Distribution Transformers

Question & Answer in the Fundamentals of Current and Voltage Transformers

Question & Answer in the Fundamentals of Earthing (Grounding)

Question & Answer in the Fundamentals of Protection and Measuring Devices

Question & Answer in the Fundamentals of Surge Arresters

Question & Answer in the Fundamentals of Overhead Transmission Lines (OHTL)

Question & Answer in the Fundamentals of Circuit Breakers (C.B)

Question & Answer in the Fundamentals of Underground Power Cables

Question & Answer in the Fundamentals of Capacitors and Power Factor correction

Requirements

Electrical Engineer, pdf acrobat reader

Description

Through my 20 years of practical experience in electrical substations for medium (MV), high (HV), and extra-high voltage (EHV), and working with various consulting offices in designing electrical distribution networks at medium voltages for numerous projects, along with obtaining a Master of Science degree in Power and Electrical Machines Engineering with the thesis titled 'Detection and Identification of Power Quality Problems using advanced Artificial Intelligence techniques (LSTM)', this course and these very important questions have been prepared using the best engineering programs that connect theoretical academic knowledge with practical reality in high and extra-high voltage transformer stations, as well as medium and low voltage distribution networks.This unique approach to teaching and the important questions have been designed to cater to all engineering and technical levels, starting from university students in engineering and various technical institutes to specialized engineers with extensive experience in power and distribution systems.The course presents practical questions and answers, focusing on simple theoretical concepts while placing greater emphasis on images and explanations from real-life applications. This way, we can link theoretical academic study with what exists in practical applications after completing this course.Our course is closely related to electrical power systems and electrical distribution systems, and in this course, we present ideal answers to the following questions:(1) What is the difference between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC)?(2) What are the components of the electrical power system?(3) What is the main source of voltage (V), current (I), and frequency (F) in the electrical power system?(4) What is the meaning of resistance (R)? Give examples and explain the type of current passing through it.(5) What is the meaning of inductive reactance (X_L)? Give examples and explain the type of current passing through it.(6) What is the meaning of capacitive reactance (X_C)? Give examples and explain the type of current passing through it.(7) What are the types of electrical loads?(8) What is the importance of power stations in the electrical power network and system?(9) What are the types of power stations in the electrical power network and system?(10) What are the different voltage levels present in the electrical power network and system?(11) How is the frequency (50Hz / 60Hz) obtained in the electrical power network and system?(12) What is the practical meaning of the phase angle (ϕ)? Does it differ in a 50Hz system compared to a 60Hz system?(13) What is the difference between frequency and power frequency?(14) What is the unit of measurement for each of the following:electric voltage (V), electric current (I), electric power (P), electric energy (E), frequency (F), resistance (R), inductive reactance (X_L), capacitive reactance (X_C), capacitance (C), and inductance of the coil (L)?(15) What is the relationship between electric current (I), electric voltage (V), conductor and insulator?(16) What is the difference between electric current and leakage current?(17) What is the relationship between electric current (I) and both voltage (V) and voltage drop (V.D)?(18) Which is more dangerous for humans, AC or DC?(19) What is the difference between the electric field and the magnetic field?(20) What causes current to lag in a coil, lead in a capacitor, and be in-phase in a resistor?(21) What are the types of electrical power and the measurement unit for each type?(22) What is the difference between electrical power and electrical energy?(23) What are the units of measurement for: active power, reactive power, apparent power, active energy, reactive energy, and apparent energy?(24) What is meant by the power triangle and power factor (P.F)?(25) What is the power factor (P.F) for capacitors, resistors, and coils?(26) What is meant by the skin effect? What causes it, and what are its dangers? What are the best ways to mitigate it?(27) What is the relationship between resistance in AC and DC?(28) Calculate the rated current (A) and rated power (kVA) of the load.(29) Calculate the rated current (A) and rated power (kW & kVA) of the motor.(30) Calculate the reactive power of the capacitor (kVAR) needed to correct the power factor from 0.8 lag to 0.9 lag.(31) What is the relationship between electrical resistance (R) and temperature (C°)?(32) What is the importance of using transformers in electrical power systems and networks?(33) What are the types of electrical transformers?(34) Why is motor power measured in HP, but transformers are not?(35) What are the main components of a power/distribution transformer?(36) Why do transformers operate on AC and not on DC?(37) What is the importance of oil in electrical transformers?(38) What do the terms (ONAN) and (ONAF) mean, and what is the difference between them?(39) What is the importance of the tap changer in transformers? What are its types, and where is it installed in the transformer?(40) What does the symbol (Z%) mean in electrical transformers?(41) What does the term Dyn11 refer to?(42) What are the main conditions for connecting transformers in parallel?(43) What is the difference between line voltage (V_line) and phase voltage (V_phase), as well as line current (I_line) and phase current (I_phase)?(44) What is the difference between nominal voltage and rated voltage?(45) What are the main components of power cables?(46) What are the main metallic materials used in power cables? Mention their advantages and disadvantages and which is better.(47) What are the main insulating materials used in power cables? Mention their advantages and disadvantages and which is better.(48) What is the difference between transmitting electrical energy using underground cables and overhead lines (OHTL)?(49) What are the types of power cables?(50) What is the difference between the neutral point (N) and the earth point (E)?(51) What are the types of earthing and the importance of each type?(52) What is the difference between touch voltage and step voltage?(53) What are the essential components of any earthing system?(54) What is the value of the earth resistance (E) in H.V substations and distribution networks?(55) What are the measuring transformers in the electrical network?(56) What is the importance of installing current transformers (CTs) in the electrical network?(57) What is the importance of installing voltage transformers (VTs) in the electrical network?(58) How are current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs) connected to the electrical network?(59) What are the main installation points for current transformers (CTs) in the electrical network?(60) What are the main installation points for voltage transformers (VTs) in the electrical network?(61) What is the problem of opening the secondary circuit of a current transformer (CT)?(62) What are the main measuring devices connected with current transformers (CTs)?(63) What are the main protection devices connected with current transformers (CTs)?(64) What are the main measuring devices connected with voltage transformers (VTs)?(65) What are the main protection devices connected with voltage transformers (VTs)?(66) What are the main measuring devices connected with both current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs)?(67) What are the main protection devices connected with both current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs)?(68) What is the fundamental difference in the working principle of power transformers, voltage transformers (VTs), and current transformers (CTs)?(69) What are the types of faults that may occur in the electrical network?(70) What is the difference between symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults?(71) What is the difference between earth faults & phase faults?(72) What are the essential elements and components of any protection system?(73) What are the main measuring devices present on power transformers?(74) What are the main protection devices present on power transformers?(75) What is the principle of operation of the differential protection device on transformers?(76) What are the main protection devices found on transmission lines?(77) What is meant by Symmetrical Components?(78) What is the importance of short-circuit current calculations (S.C calculations) and the related factors?(79) What is the most dangerous and severe type of fault (S.C)?(80) What is a circuit breaker (C.B), and why is it used in the electrical network?(81) What is meant by an isolating switch (disconnecting switch)?(82) What is the difference between an Isolating Switch and a Circuit Breaker (C.B)?(83) What are the main types of circuit breakers (C.B) present in the electrical network?(84) What is the difference between overload and overcurrent?(85) Where are circuit breakers (C.B) mainly installed in the electrical network?(86) Why are high and extra-high voltages used to transmit electrical energy through overhead transmission lines (OHTL)?(87) What are the main components of overhead transmission lines (OHTL)?(88) What are the main accessories for overhead transmission lines (OHTL)?(89) What types of towers are used in overhead transmission lines (OHTL)?(90) What is the importance of using transposition towers in overhead transmission lines (OHTL)?(91) What is the primary function of insulators used in overhead transmission lines (OHTL), and what are their types?(92) Name two types of conductors used in overhead transmission lines (OHTL).(93) What is the Ferranti effect? What causes it, what are its dangers, and what are the best ways to mitigate it?(94) What is the difference between high voltage direct current (HV-DC) and high voltage alternating current (HV-AC)?(95) What is the corona phenomenon? What causes it, what are its dangers, and what are the best ways to mitigate it?(96) What is the difference between linear loads and non-linear loads?(97) What are harmonics? What are their types, and what are their sources?(98) What is the importance of substations in the electrical network?(99) What are the types of substations in the electrical network?(100) What is the difference between AIS substations and GIS substations?(101) What is the difference between transmission substations & distribution substations?(102) What are the main electrical equipment in various substations?(103) What is meant by the term (BIL)?(104) What are the main types of insulation materials used in various equipment in the electrical power system?(105) What is the importance of electrical interconnection between different countries?(106) What is the importance of using surge arresters in electrical power networks?(107) What is meant by the term SCADA system?(108) What is meant by the term SAS?(109) What is the importance of using a DC System in substations?(110) Why is the 50/60Hz frequency specifically used, and why aren’t higher frequencies used in the power system?(111) Why is there always concern about changing the grid frequency from the 50/60Hz values?(112) What is the importance of using Earthing Transformers in substations?(113) What are Reactive Power Compensators? And what is meant by the term FACTS?(114) What is meant by the term ATS?(115) What is meant by the term IP68?(116) What are the main advantages and disadvantages of using SF6 gas in the power system?(117) What is the difference between an Insulator and a Dielectric?(118) What is the difference between a Synchronous Motor and an Induction Motor? And why does the former act as a source of reactive power (leading P.F.), while the latter consumes reactive power (lagging P.F.)?(119) What is the main difference between a Circuit Breaker (C.B.) and an Overload Relay (OL) used in motor protection?(120) Both a Capacitor and a Battery store electrical energy. What is the difference between them?

Overview

Section 1: Fundamentals of Electrical Power Systems

Lecture 1 Course Preview & Contents

Lecture 2 Q001 What is the difference between (AC) and (DC)?

Lecture 3 Q002 What are the components of the electrical power system?

Lecture 4 Q003 What is the main source of voltage, current, and frequency?

Lecture 5 Q004 What is the meaning of resistance (R)? Give examples

Lecture 6 Q005 What is the meaning of inductive reactance (XL)? Give examples

Lecture 7 Q006 What is the meaning of capacitive reactance (XC)? Give examples

Lecture 8 Q007 What are the types of electrical loads?

Lecture 9 Q008 What is the importance of power stations in the power system?

Lecture 10 Q009 What are the types of power stations in the power system?

Lecture 11 Q010 What are the different voltage levels present in the power system?

Lecture 12 Q011 How is the frequency (50Hz / 60Hz) obtained in the power system?

Lecture 13 Q012 What is the practical meaning of the phase angle (ϕ)?

Lecture 14 Q013 What is the difference between frequency and power frequency?

Lecture 15 Q014 What is the unit of measurement for V, I, P, E, F, R, XL, XC, C, L?

Lecture 16 Q015 What is the relationship between current, voltage, conductor and insulator?

Lecture 17 Q016 What is the difference between electric current and leakage current?

Lecture 18 Q017 What is the relationship between current (I) and voltage (V) & (V.D)?

Lecture 19 Q018 Which is more dangerous for humans, AC or DC?

Lecture 20 Q019 What is the difference between the electric field and the magnetic field?

Lecture 21 Q020 What causes current to lag in coil, lead in capacitor, in-phase in resistor

Lecture 22 Q021 What are the types of power and the measurement unit for each type?

Lecture 23 Q022 What is the difference between electrical power and electrical energy?

Lecture 24 Q023 What are the units of measurement for active, reactive, apparent power?

Lecture 25 Q024 What is meant by the power triangle and power factor (P.F)?

Lecture 26 Q025 What is the power factor (P.F) for capacitors, resistors, and coils?

Lecture 27 Q026 What is meant by the skin effect? What causes it?

Lecture 28 Q027 What is the relationship between resistance in AC and DC?

Lecture 29 Q028 Calculate the rated current (A) and rated power (kVA) of the load.

Lecture 30 Q029 Calculate the current (A) and power (kW & kVA) of the motor.

Lecture 31 Q030 Calculate the capacitor (kVAR) to correct the PF from 0.8 lag to 0.9 lag

Lecture 32 Q031 What is the relationship between resistance (R) and temperature (C°)?

Lecture 33 Q032 What is the importance of transformers in electrical power systems?

Lecture 34 Q033 What are the types of electrical transformers?

Lecture 35 Q034 Why is motor power measured in HP, but transformers are not?

Lecture 36 Q035 What are the main components of a power/distribution transformer?

Lecture 37 Q036 Why do transformers operate on AC and not on DC?

Lecture 38 Q037 What is the importance of oil in electrical transformers?

Lecture 39 Q038 What do the terms (ONAN) and (ONAF) mean, what is the difference?

Lecture 40 Q039 What is the importance of the tap changer in transformers? Types?

Lecture 41 Q040 What does the symbol (Z%) mean in electrical transformers?

Lecture 42 Q041 What does the term Dyn11 refer to?

Lecture 43 Q042 What are the main conditions for connecting transformers in parallel?

Lecture 44 Q043 What is the difference between (V_line), (V_phase), (I_line), (I_phase)?

Lecture 45 Q044 What is the difference between nominal voltage and rated voltage?

Lecture 46 Q045 What are the main components of power cables?

Lecture 47 Q046 What are the main metallic materials used in power cables?

Lecture 48 Q047 What are the insulating materials used in power cables?

Lecture 49 Q048 What is the difference between using underground cables and OHTL?

Lecture 50 Q049 What are the types of power cables?

Lecture 51 Q050 What is the difference between the neutral point (N) & the earth point (E)?

Lecture 52 Q051 What are the types of earthing and the importance of each type?

Lecture 53 Q052 What is the difference between touch voltage and step voltage?

Lecture 54 Q053 What are the essential components of any earthing system?

Lecture 55 Q054 What is the value of the earth resistance in substations and distribution?

Lecture 56 Q055 What are the measuring transformers in the electrical network?

Lecture 57 Q056 What is the importance of installing current transformers (CTs)?

Lecture 58 Q057 What is the importance of installing voltage transformers (VTs)?

Lecture 59 Q058 How are (CTs) and (VTs) connected to the electrical network?

Lecture 60 Q059 What are the main installation points for CTs in the electrical network?

Lecture 61 Q060 What are the main installation points for VTs in the electrical network?

Lecture 62 Q061 What is the problem of opening the secondary circuit of a (CT)?

Lecture 63 Q062 What are the main measuring devices connected with (CTs)?

Lecture 64 Q063 What are the main protection devices connected with (CTs)?

Lecture 65 Q064 What are the main measuring devices connected with (VTs)?

Lecture 66 Q065 What are the main protection devices connected with (VTs)?

Lecture 67 Q066 What are the main measuring devices connected with (CTs) & (VTs)?

Lecture 68 Q067 What are the main protection devices connected with both (CTs) & (VTs)?

Lecture 69 Q068 What is the difference in the working principle of transformers, VT & CT?

Lecture 70 Q069 What are the types of faults that may occur in the electrical network?

Lecture 71 Q070 What is the difference between symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults?

Lecture 72 Q071 What is the difference between earth faults & phase faults?

Lecture 73 Q072 What are the essential elements and components of any protection system?

Lecture 74 Q073 What are the main measuring devices present on power transformers?

Lecture 75 Q074 What are the main protection devices present on power transformers?

Lecture 76 Q075 What is the principle of the differential protection on transformers?

Lecture 77 Q076 What are the main protection devices found on transmission lines?

Lecture 78 Q077 What is meant by Symmetrical Components?

Lecture 79 Q078 What is the importance of S.C calculations and the related factors?

Lecture 80 Q079 What is the most dangerous and severe type of fault (S.C)?

Lecture 81 Q080 What is a circuit breaker, and why is it used in the electrical network?

Lecture 82 Q081 What is meant by an isolating switch (disconnecting switch)?

Lecture 83 Q082 What is the difference between an Isolating Switch and a Circuit Breaker?

Lecture 84 Q083 What are the main types of circuit breakers in the electrical network?

Lecture 85 Q084 What is the difference between overload and overcurrent?

Lecture 86 Q085 Where are circuit breakers mainly installed in the electrical network?

Lecture 87 Q086 Why are high and extra-high voltages used to transmit electrical energy?

Lecture 88 Q087 What are the main components of overhead transmission lines (OHTL)?

Lecture 89 Q088 What are the main accessories for overhead transmission lines (OHTL)?

Lecture 90 Q089 What types of towers are used in overhead transmission lines (OHTL)?

Lecture 91 Q090 What is the importance of using transposition towers in OHTL?

Lecture 92 Q091 What is the function of insulators used in OHTL, and what are their types?

Lecture 93 Q092 Name two types of conductors used in OHTL

Lecture 94 Q093 What is the Ferranti effect? What causes it, what are its dangers?

Lecture 95 Q094 What is the difference between (HV-DC) and (HV-AC)?

Lecture 96 Q095 What is the corona phenomenon? What causes it, what are its dangers?

Lecture 97 Q096 What is the difference between linear loads and non-linear loads?

Lecture 98 Q097 What are harmonics? What are their types, and what are their sources?

Lecture 99 Q098 What is the importance of substations in the electrical network?

Lecture 100 Q099 What are the types of substations in the electrical network?

Lecture 101 Q100 What is the difference between AIS substations and GIS substations?

Lecture 102 Q101 What is the difference between transmission & distribution substations?

Lecture 103 Q102 What are the main electrical equipment in various substations?

Lecture 104 Q103 What is meant by the term (BIL)?

Lecture 105 Q104 What are the types of insulation materials used in equipment?

Lecture 106 Q105 What is the importance of interconnection between countries?

Lecture 107 Q106 What is the importance of surge arresters in electrical networks?

Lecture 108 Q107 What is meant by the term SCADA system?

Lecture 109 Q108 What is meant by the term SAS?

Lecture 110 Q109 What is the importance of using a DC System in substations?

Lecture 111 Q110 Why is the 50/60Hz frequency specifically used?

Lecture 112 Q111 Why is there concern about changing the frequency from the 50/60Hz?

Lecture 113 Q112 What is the importance of using Earthing Transformers in substations?

Lecture 114 Q113 What are Reactive Power Compensators? And what is meant by FACTS?

Lecture 115 Q114 What is meant by the term ATS?

Lecture 116 Q115 What is meant by the term IP68?

Lecture 117 Q116 What are the advantages and disadvantages of SF6?

Lecture 118 Q117 What is the difference between an Insulator and a Dielectric?

Lecture 119 Q118 What is the difference between a Synchronous and an Induction Motor?

Lecture 120 Q119 What is the difference between a Circuit Breaker and an Overload Relay?

Lecture 121 Q120 Both a Capacitor and a Battery store energy. What is the difference?

This course is designed for engineering students, technical institute attendees, and professionals in the power sector. It is essential for electrical engineers, whether recent graduates seeking jobs in distribution networks, substations, and contracting, or experienced engineers preparing for exams or promotions to higher positions.